See, for example, Jyri Lavikainen, China as the Second Nuclear Peer of the United States, Implications for
Deterrence in Europe, Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA), February 2024, 8 pp.; Greg Weaver and Amy
Woolf, Requirements for Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Control in a Two-Nuclear-Peer Environment, Atlantic Council
and Los Alamos National Laboratory, February 2024 (posted online February 2, 2024), 19 pp.; Jason Sherman, “DOD
to Solicit Independent Assessment of Multipolar Strategic Challenges,” Inside Defense, January 16, 2024; Alyxandra
Marine, “As the US Faces Down New Nuclear Threats, Will Cold War Solutions Work Once Again?” Atlantic
Council, November 28, 2023; “Our Experts Explain What US Policymakers Should Know about Deterring Russia’s
and China’s Nuclear Threats,” Atlantic Council, November 28, 2023 (transcript of roundtable discussion moderated by
Robert Soofer); J. Peter Scoblic, The Uncertainty of the Unthinkable, Imagining the Future of Nuclear Dangers to the
United States, New America, November 2023, 40 pp.; Keir A. Lieber and Daryl G. Press, “The Return of Nuclear
Escalation, How America’s Adversaries Have Hijacked Its Old Deterrence Strategy,” Foreign Affairs, November/
December 2023 (posted online October 24, 2023); Department of State, International Security Advisory Board, Report
on Deterrence in a World of Nuclear Multipolarity, October 2023, 33 pp.; Robert Peters, Russia and China Are
Running in a Nuclear Arms Race While the United States Is Jogging in Place, Heritage Foundation, September 13,
2023, 9 pp.; Heather Williams et al., Project Atom 2023, A Competitive Strategies Approach for U.S. Nuclear Posture
through 2035, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), September 2023, 94 pp.; William J. Broad, “The
Terror of Threes in the Heavens and on Earth,” New York Times, June 16 (updated June 30), 2023; Keir Lieber and
Daryl G. Press, “US Strategy and Force Posture for an Era of Nuclear Tripolarity,” Atlantic Council, May 1, 2023;
Brad Roberts et al., China’s Emergence as a Second Nuclear Peer: Implications for U.S. Nuclear Deterrence Strategy,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Spring 2023, 74 pp.; David E. Sanger, William J. Broad, and Chris Buckley,
“3 Nuclear Superpowers, Rather Than 2, Usher In a New Strategic Era,” New York Times, April 19, 2023; Greg Torode
and Eduardo Baptista, “China's Intensifying Nuclear-Armed Submarine Patrols Add Complexity for U.S., Allies,”
Reuters, April 3, 2023; Jonathan Tirone, “China, Russia Deepen Nuclear Concord That Concerns Pentagon,”
Bloomberg, March 22, 2023; Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., “The Tripolar Problem,” Yale University Press, March 13,
2023; John R. Bolton, “Putin Did the World a Favor by Suspending Russia’s Participation in New START,”
Washington Post, March 6, 2023; Greg Torode and Martin Pollard, “Putin's Nuclear Treaty Move Raises Stakes over
China’s Growing Arsenal,” Reuters, February 22, 2023; Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., “How China’s Nuclear Ambitions
Will Change Deterrence Shifting from a Bipolar System to a Tripolar one,” Hudson Institute, January 31, 2023; Robert
S. Litwak, Tripolar Instability, Nuclear Competition Among the United States, Russia, and China, Wilson Center, 2023
124 pp; Matthew Kroenig, “Arms Racing Under Nuclear Tripolarity: Evidence for an Action-Reaction Cycle?”
Atlantic Council, December 20, 2022; Editorial Board, “The Nuclear Arms Race Grows from Two to Three Major
Competing Powers,” Washington Post, November 11, 2022; Katherine Walla, “Inside the US Nuclear Posture
Review’s Approach to a New Era of Three-Power Nuclear Competition,” Washington Post, November 3, 2022; Tara
Copp, “US Military ‘Furiously’ Rewriting Nuclear Deterrence to Address Russia and China, STRATCOM Chief
Says,” Defense One, August 11, 2022; Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., “The New Nuclear Age How China’s Growing
Nuclear Arsenal Threatens Deterrence,” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2022 (published April 19, 2022).